來源@一只少女哩
abide, abode
abide [V] + by
accept or obey something 遵從；遵守arrangement：
We have to abide by the rules.
過去式：abided
sb can’t abide sb/sth
cannot tolerate a person or idea 不能容忍：
I can’t abide the thought of living so near to his family.
舊時含義：
to live with 居住
過去式：abode
abode [N]
a dwelling, and is used in the legal phrase for someone who is homeless 住所：
A person of no fixed abode.
常用于正式語境下arrangement，有時為幽默表達：
My humble abode 寒舍
更為中性的替代詞有：residence, house, address
ability, capacity
ability [N]
the skill and human power to do something 能力；本領(lǐng)；技能：
He is a negotiator of immense ability.
capacity [N]
1. the ability to produce something, or to have a talent for doing something when referring to skill 能力；才能
區(qū)別在于ability指后天所學的，而capacity指先天具有的：
His ability as a negotiator was helped by his capacity for remembering faces.
2. the maximum amount that can be produced by a machine 產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)力：
This photocopier has the capacity to print fifty pages a minute.
abnormal, subnormal
abnormal [ADJ]
something that differs from what is considered normal 不正常的；反常的：
Many consider that global warming has resulted in abnormal weather conditions.
subnormal [ADJ]
something below what is considered normal 比正常少的；低于正常的：
Many winters had subnormal temperatures.
abolish, extinguish
abolish [V]
to end or destroy customs, practices and institutions completely 廢除；取消：
Slavery was abolished by law in the 19th century.
extinguish [V]
to put out a fire 熄滅：
Three weeks of heavy rain extinguished the forest fires.
the figurative meaning of to destroy “破滅”的形象說法：
When the talks broke down, all hope of peace was extinguished.
形容詞-extinct
名詞-extinction
Refer specifically to an animal or plant which no longer exists 特指動物或植物的滅絕
abstract, abstractedly
abstract
[N] a summary of a report or paper usually in about 250 words 摘要（通常在250字以內(nèi)）
[ADJ] existing in thought or just as an idea 抽象的，理論上的：
Enough abstract thought: give me one concrete example.
a direction in art and artistic expression 抽象派的
[V] to take away, or remove a part from a larger entity 抽取，提取，使分離：
The hydropower scheme meant abstracting millions of litres of water from the river.
作名詞與形容詞時，重讀第一個音節(jié)；作動詞時，重讀第二個音節(jié)
abstractedly [ADV]
deep in thought and not paying attention to what is going on 心不在焉地，出神地：
He walked right past me, gazing abstractedly at the sky.
abuse, misuse
abuse [N,V]
poor treatment or violent and improper use of something 虐待；濫用；妄用：
He was imprisoned after being found guilty of repeated child abuse.
alcohol abuse 過度飲酒
作名詞時，abuse與juice押韻；作動詞時與news押韻
misuse [N,V]
the use of something dishonestly, or for a purpose that it was not designed for 錯用；誤用；濫用：
Using that expensive Burgundy to make a gravy is a clear case of alcohol misuse.
作名詞時，misuse與juice押韻；作動詞時與news押韻
academic, scholarly, scholar
academic
[ADJ] matters associated with university education 學術(shù)的：
Academic standards
something that is without practical application and of no immediate relevance 純理論的；空談的：
We have already won the overall competition, so the score of this match is academic.
[N] a teacher or researcher in higher education 大學教師
scholarly [ADJ]
serious academic study 學術(shù)性的：
His theories have been printed in a scholarly paper.
used for a person who is studious, learned or engaged in university research 勤奮好學的；有學術(shù)造詣的
scholar [N]
A learned person, teacher or researcher in the classics, arts, and humanities, or other non-scientific disciplines 有學問的人；學者：
She was a distinguished Latin scholar.
the holder of a scholarship 獎學金獲得者
A Rhodes Scholar
accept, except
accept [V]
1. to receive something 接受：
He was pleased to accept the award from the Design Council
2. to agree to something willingly 同意：
After twenty years the director accepted the need to modernize the company.
except
[PREP] not including, or omitting something 除……之外：
Except for the teacher the rest of the villagers were illiterate.
[V] to leave out 把……排除在外
access, excess
access [N & V]
1. entry or admittance 進入；進入權(quán)：
There is no right of access for the public.
2. to open a computer file 取得；獲?。ㄓ嬎銠C數(shù)據(jù)）：
She double-clicked and accessed the file.
3. to reach or enter something 到達；進入
形容詞-accessible:
The Open University has made university education accessible to the general public.
excess [N & ADJ]
something more than is permitted or desirable 過多，過量：
He had 20 kilos of excess baggage.
形容詞-excessive:
Excessive drinking is very bad for your health.
accident, mishap, disaster, catastrophe
accident [N]
an unintentional incident that results in damage or injury 事故；意外事件：
There was another serious accident on that road last night.
by accident
the same as ‘a(chǎn)ccidentally’ or ‘unintentionally’ 偶然地；意外地：
I took the wrong coat home by accident.
mishap [N]
an unlucky accident 不幸；小事故：
Delivery was delayed by a minor mishap in our factory.
mishap用來指不是很嚴重的事故
disaster [N]
a sudden event or serious accident that results in great damage or loss of life 災難；災禍：
The train crash was one of many such disasters in India.
catastrophe [N]
an event that results in widespread and often sudden damage or suffering 災難；大禍；嚴重的不幸：
The earthquake was a catastrophe for the whole nation.
accommodation, accommodations
accommodation [N]
a room or building where someone can live or stay 住處：
Student accommodation in town is always hard to find at the beginning of term.
不可數(shù)名詞，注意雙寫’c’和’m’
[formal term] a settlement, agreement or compromise 【正式】和解；協(xié)議：
The two sides came to an accommodation.
在英式英語中，accommodation僅為單數(shù)形式
accommodations [N]
accommodation的復數(shù)形式，僅在美式英語中使用：
The cost of overnight accommodations is included in the price of the ticket.
achieve, accomplish, attain
achieve [V]
to reach an objective or standard, especially over a period of time 實現(xiàn)；取得；達到（尤指經(jīng)過了一段時間）：
He was delighted to have achieved his ambition of becoming a rock star.
名詞-achievement
accomplish [V]
the same as ‘a(chǎn)chieve’, but has an additional sense of successfully completing something 成功完成；成功實現(xiàn)：
They safely accomplished the task of freeing the soldiers.
形容詞-accomplished
describes a person who does something with great skill 熟練的；才華高的；有造詣的：
She is an accomplished pianist.
名詞-accomplishment
attain [V]
to reach a certain standard, and is the word to use when comparison or measurement is involved 達到某標準（用于涉及比較或大小尺寸）：
She attained the highest grades in her final exams.
名詞-attainment
不那么正式的替代詞有g(shù)et
acid, acrid
acid [ADJ]
sharp in taste and tone 酸的；酸味的；尖酸刻薄的：
The stand-up comedian had an acid sense of humour.
acid test
a crucial trial 決定性的考驗：
The acid test is whether the software will actually work.
acrid [ADJ]
unpleasantly bitter in taste or smell 辛辣的；刺激性的：
The acrid smell came from the burning building.
acrid parting
an angry and bitter departure 憤憤不平地離開
acknowledge, admit
acknowledge [V]
1. to confirm that something has been received 確認收到：
The company sent me a letter acknowledging my complaint.
2. to recognize or accept a truth 承認（某事實）：
She has never acknowledged her responsibility in this matter.
3. ‘a(chǎn)cknowledge’ is used in formal contexts to mean to thank （正式）感謝：
I acknowledge the financial support from the Research Council.
名詞-acknowledgement (acknowledgment)
acknowledgements
a section of a book or report in which the author lists or thanks those who have made a contribution 致謝
admit [V]
1. to accept responsibility 承擔責任：
I admit that your complaint is justified.
2. to enter or allow access 允許進入：
This ticket admits one.
acoustic, acoustics
acoustic [ADJ]
refers to hearing, sound, or the science of sound 聲音的；聽覺的
acoustic image; acoustic nerve; acoustic guitar
形容詞-acoustical
acoustical measurement; acoustical shadow
美式英語中，acoustical與acoustic同義
acoustics [N]
1. the science of sound, when, like other academic subjects ending in -ics, it always takes a singular verb 聲學（謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式）
Acoustics is a challenging field.
2. the acoustic properties of a room or a building and takes a plural verb （房間或建筑的）傳聲效果，音響效果（謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式）
The acoustics in the Greek amphitheatre are perfect.
across, above, over (positions)
across [PREP & ADV]
1. from one side to the other 從一邊到另一邊
We swam across the river.
2. ‘a(chǎn)cross’ can either express movement or position 既可表動作也可表地點
The plane took us across the Alps.
The pub is just across the street.
across the board
a situation or change that affects all levels (形勢或改變)影響全局
The savings made by the company will bring improvements across the board.
above [PREP & ADV]
1. at a higher level than something else without touching it 在……上（不接觸）
We are now above the Alps.
‘a(chǎn)bove’ stresses the distance or height 強調(diào)距離或高度
The plane was just above the trees.
2. higher than a rate or a norm高于（某比率或某標準）
She is well above average in mathematics.
over [PREP & ADV]
1. the same as ‘a(chǎn)bove’, when used to describe a position that is at a higher level 在……上（不接觸）
We are now over the Alps.
2. higher than a specified figure 高于（某一具體數(shù)額）
Everyone over 45 will benefit from the new legislation.
3. covering the surface of something 蓋在……上面
There was a thick layer of snow over the hills.
4. from one side to the other, in a similar way to ‘a(chǎn)cross’ 從一邊到另一邊
We walked over the field.
act, action
act [N &V]
1. as a noun, is usually something which is carried out once, often a deed such as a criminal act （一次性）的行動，如犯罪行動
The explosion was incorrectly described as an act of terrorism.
act of god
a natural disaster is often called by western insurance companies. 自然災害（西方保險公司的說法）
2. in the legal sense ,an ‘Act’ is capitalized and means a law passed by the legislature of a country 法令；法律
3. as a verb, to begin a process in response to a particular situation 開始行動；表現(xiàn)
When my windows were broken for a third time I realized that I had to act.
4. it can also mean to perform in a film or play, or to pretend 演出；扮演；假裝
He acted as if he knew nothing about the dent in the car door.
action [N]
1. stresses the process involved in an act that is typically directed towards a defined aim （有目的的）行動（強調(diào)過程）
The hijackers were overcome by the government’s prompt military action.
2. it may also refer to legal proceedings 訴訟
My client is considering taking legal action against you.
actual, topical, current
actual [ADJ]
refers to a real, factual event and something which exists 實際的；真實的；真正存在的事物
The newspaper quoted his actual word.
‘a(chǎn)ctual’ is often contrasted with something expected or estimated 通常與期待的或估計的事物相對比
The actual cost was only 60% of the estimate.
topical [ADJ]
Means either ‘relevant’ or ‘of interest at the moment’ 熱門話題；當前受到關(guān)注的
比較：
This film is about a topical problem. （當前的相關(guān)熱門問題）
The film is about an actual problem. （實際存在的沒有預料到的問題）
current [ADJ & N]
1. as an adjective, means happening at the present time 現(xiàn)在的；當前的
During the current financial crisis many families cannot afford holidays.
2. as a non, ‘current’ means a flow of liquid, gas or electricity 水流；氣流；電流
The Gulf Stream is a current of warm water.
acute, chronic
acute [ADJ]
refers to a sudden illness or a very serious occurrence 急性的（?。?；非常嚴重的（事件）
Following the crash, the badly injured pilot suffered acute pain.
chronic [ADJ]
refers to a serious medical or other condition that persists for a long 嚴重的；長期的；慢性的
Seven years after the accident, the pilot was still suffering from chronic pain.
ad(s), add(s), advert
ad [N]
is an informal short form of ‘a(chǎn)dvertisement’ 【非正式】廣告
classified ad(s) / small ad(s)
refer to short advertisements grouped by subject in newspaper columns 分類廣告
They went through the classified ads to find a flat to rent near the river.
美式英語中用want ad(s)
add [V]
means to increase or to say something more 增加；說得更多
注意：如果某事物用’added’形容的話，例如’added advantage’，起碼之前就必須要有一個’advantage’。
advert [N]
is a short form of ‘a(chǎn)dvertisement’. the word is used for all sorts of advertisements anywhere - on TV, in the media, on hoardings or billboards 廣告（可用于所有形式的廣告）
The company placed adverts all over town to announce the opening of the new mall.
AD, BC
AD
stands for Anno Domini and is written before the year 公元（寫在年份前）
Pompeii was destroyed in AD 79.
一些人認為，’in AD 79’的表達不正確，因為在拉丁語中Anno的意思就是’in the year’，不過這種用法非常普遍
另一個爭論點是AD是否能與’century’組合，因為’century’是不能’in the year’的，然而AD經(jīng)常跟在’century’后面，例如：
The church dated back to the fourth century AD.
BC
stands for ‘before Christ’,and is written after the year 公元前（寫在年份后）
Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC.
注意：AD和BC在印刷體中都應該用小一號的字體
adapt, adopt, acquire
adapt [V]
means to adjust to something 適應
In South Africa he had to adapt to life in the southern hemisphere.
名詞-adaptation
a person who adapts something is an ‘a(chǎn)daptor’, also spelt ‘a(chǎn)dapter’, and this word is also used for the piece of equipment which allows two otherwise incompatible items to be connected 改變者；適配器；轉(zhuǎn)接器
adopt [V]
means to put into practice or to borrow 采取；采用；采納
When we moved to Australia we adopted the custom of Christmas Day beach parties.
名詞-adoption
usually means taking legal responsibility for someone else’s child 收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)
a person who adopts a child is usually called an ‘a(chǎn)doptive parent’ 養(yǎng)父母
acquire [V]
means to learn or develop a skill, habit or quality 學到（技能）；養(yǎng)成（習慣；品性）
She acquired new habits after becoming a star in Hollywood.
名詞-acquisition
adhesion, adherence
adhesion [N]
means the quality of sticking or glueing 粘附；粘合；膠著
The new type of glue did not sell very well, due to its poor adhesion.
adherence [N]
means support for a particular party or ideology 堅持；信守；信奉
His adherence to the party was never in question.
同義詞-support[非正式]
adjacent, adjoining
adjacent [ADJ]
is a general word that means either ‘close to’ or ‘nearby’, and not necessarily sharing the same boundary 鄰近的；毗鄰的（不一定同邊界）
The two military aircraft landed simultaneously on adjacent runways.
adjoining [ADJ]
means ‘next to’, and always sharing the same boundary 毗連的；隔壁的（同邊界）
The aircraft moved off the runway on to the adjoining taxiing area.
adjourn, postpone, defer, rain check
adjourn [V]
means to break off a meeting that has started 休（會）（已經(jīng)開始）
We will adjourn the meeting until next week.
adjourn to
means to move somewhere else 轉(zhuǎn)移到別處；換地方
After the wedding ceremony they adjourned to the hotel for the reception.
postpone [V]
means to reschedule an event or meeting that has not yet started 延期；延遲；推遲（還未開始）
The takeover negotiations were postponed because of the director’s sudden illness.
defer [V]
means to delay making a judgement or decision 延期（判斷）；推遲（決定）
The committee has unfortunately deferred its decision until its next meeting.
defer to
means to submit to another person’s knowledge or decision 遵從；聽從（屬于比較正式的用法）
I defer to your superior mechanical expertise.
rain check [N]
means that a matter will be discussed or decided later, it is usually combined with ‘take’ 下次；改天
I will have to take a rain check on this.
這是一個非正式的美式英語表達，多用于商務
adverse, averse
adverse [ADJ]
means unfavourable, or harmful 反面的；不利的
The weather report warned us of adverse weather conditions.
‘a(chǎn)dverse’不能用于形容人
averse [ADJ]
means opposing or having a strong dislike for a thing or person 反對；不喜歡
be/feel averse to
She was averse to men with beards.
advice, advise
advice [N]
means a recommended course of action 意見；勸告；建議
屬于不可數(shù)名詞，數(shù)量的表達為’a piece of advice’或’some advice’，搭配單數(shù)形式的動詞或限定詞
This advice is very important, and it should be followed carefully.
advise [V]
means to make recommendations 勸告；忠告；建議
The policeman put his notebook away and advised us to keep to the speed limit.
aerial, spatial
aerial [ADJ & N]
means something in the air or involving the use of aircraft 空中的；空氣中的；與飛機有關(guān)的
aerial surveillance
as a noun in BE, an aerial is a wire that can transmit or receive radio waves 天線
spatial [ADJ]
means relating to space and the position and shape of thing in it 空間的
His spatial awareness was not very good, and he was always bumping into things.
afterwards, subsequently
afterwards [ADV]
means later or after something that has been mentioned 隨后；以后；后來
The car hit a tree and the driver said he was very shaken up afterwards.
‘a(chǎn)fterwards’是英式英語常用拼寫，美式英語常拼作‘a(chǎn)fterward’
subsequently [ADV]
Can mean the same as ‘a(chǎn)fterwards’, but may refer to something that happens much later 【正式】后來；隨后；接著（比’afterwards’要更后面）
He recovered from his injuries, but subsequently the doctors discovered symptoms of whiplash.
age, aged, elderly
age [N & V]
1. as a noun, means the duration of a life 年齡；存在時間
He lived happily to a great age.
2. when capitalized, it can also refer to a period in history 歷史階段（首字母大寫）
The Elizabethan Age will be remembered for its poets and playwrights.
3. as a verb, ‘a(chǎn)ge’ refers to people or things becoming older 變老；變舊
Because of regular exercise, the couple were aging more slowly than other pensioners.
現(xiàn)在分詞-aging （英式英語也可拼作ageing）
aged [V, ADJ, N]
1. as the past tense of the verb ‘a(chǎn)ge’, refers to people getting older ‘a(chǎn)ge’的過去時，變老
The health service was expanded as a large percentage of the population aged.
2. it also refers to things developing in flavour over time 變陳的
The brandy was aged in special casks.
3. as an adjective, ‘a(chǎn)ged’ expresses how old a person is ...歲的
The children in the class were aged between 8 and 10.
4. as a noun, this means old people collectively 老人們
They gave away their savings to help the aged.
elderly [ADJ & N]
1. as an adjective refers to people who are old 年老的（委婉說法）
Elderly people in the town were looked after very well.
2. as a noun, ‘elderly’ is used with the definite article 老人（特指）
The elderly were allowed free taxis to the hospital and back.
aggravate, exacerbate, annoy
aggravate [V]
means to make a situation worse; for instance, by scratching an open wound, or by saying something to make someone more angry than they already were 使加重；使惡化；惹怒；激怒
The press comment seriously aggravated the problems of the socialist party.
exacerbate [V]
means ‘a(chǎn)ggravate’, but is used for situations, diseases or problems 使惡化；使加重（不能對人）
Unfortunately her reaction to the story in the press only exacerbated the situation.
annoy [V]
means to make a person angry 惹怒
‘a(chǎn)ggravate’也有這層意思，但細心的作者仍會將兩者區(qū)分開來，aggravate對事，annoy對人
圖片來源 http://news.bisu.edu.cn/art/2009/11/6/art_1769_29658.html
ago, since, for
ago [ADV]
always refers to a specific time in the past, whether five minutes ago or two thousand years ago 以前（特定時間）
The Romans were using central heating two thousand years ago.
‘a(chǎn)go’之后的從句接’that’而不用’since’
It was nearly 450 years ago that Shakespeare was born.
注意：ago不能與for連用，也不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時之后
since [PREP & CONJUNCTION]
refers to a continuous period between the time considered and the present 自...以來（一段連續(xù)時間）
It is nearly 450 years since Shakespeare was born.
‘a(chǎn)go’指向過去，’since’指向現(xiàn)在，所以二者不能出現(xiàn)在同一分句中
for [PREP]
refers to a continuous period of time which may or may not still be going on, depending on which verb tense is used in the main clause 達；計（表一段時間的長度，可能持續(xù)下去可能不再持續(xù)，取決于主句的主要動詞時態(tài)）
He was president for eight years until 1980.
agree, approve, consent, accede
agree [V]
means to have the same opinion as another person 意見一致
We agreed that it would be a good idea to write a book.
agree with
1. means to support a theory or point of view 同意；支持
I agree with the principles underlying freedom of speech.
2. in a grammatical sense, to ‘a(chǎn)gree with’ means to be consistent （語法上）一致
You should always check that the verb agrees with its subject.
3. figuratively, if food does not ‘a(chǎn)gree with’ a person, it makes them ill （形象說法）食物不合胃口；某人吃了不舒服
agree to
means to accept a suggestion made by somebody else 贊成；贊同
They agreed to the new pension plan.
approve [V]
means to accept someone else’s proposal or actions as being satisfactory 批準；認可（計劃或行動）
He approved the publication plan.
approve of
means to like or be pleased with someone else’s plans or actions 贊許；贊成；同意
They thoroughly approved of their daughter’s choice of husband.
approved by
refers to the body that accepts a proposal or plan 指批準（計劃或行動）的主體（人或機構(gòu)）
The budget cuts were approved by the board.
consent [N & V]
means permission or agreement to do something 許可；允許
Children need their parents’ consent to buy goods by mail order.
consent to 同意;允許
She consented to be my wife.
同義詞-agree to
accede [V]
means to agree or consent to something 同意（比agree和consent更正式）
The government was reluctant to accede to the union’s demands.
agreement, agrément, gentleman’s agreement, arrangement, deal
agreement [N]
means a negotiated and legally binding arrangement between two or more parties 協(xié)議；協(xié)定；合約（可書面可口頭）
An agreement was reached between the three computer companies.
agrément [N]
borrowed from French, is found on a product’s label to show that it has been approved by the relevant EU authority （歐盟相關(guān)機構(gòu)的）正式同意【法語】
同義詞-approval
gentleman’s agreement [N]
means an unwritten, but binding agreement, based on trust and usually confirmed by a handshake （非書面的、以信任為基礎的）君子協(xié)定，又寫作gentlemen’s agreement
同義詞-verbal agreement
arrangement [N]
1. means a practical agreement on a personal or commercial basis （個人或商業(yè)基礎上的）實際協(xié)議；協(xié)定
The travel agents have an arrangement with several hotels in Rome.
2. it can also mean an agreement to settle a debt （解決債務的）協(xié)議；協(xié)定
They eventually came to an arrangement with the creditors.
deal [N]
means an agreement of any type, it is an informal word that refers to a commercial transaction （任何形式的）協(xié)議；協(xié)定；（非正式）商業(yè)交易
That car was a really good deal.
refers to a compromise （非正式）妥協(xié)
The government refuses to make any deals with terrorists.
aid, aide, Aids, support
aid [N]
means financial assistance, often at government level （資金）援助；救助，一般指政府層面
Considerable aid is always necessary for orphans in war zones.
aid是不可數(shù)名詞
aide [N]
means an assistant in the armed forces, government and diplomatic corps （武裝力量、政府、外交團的）助手；助理
The aide to the President held a press conference.
Aids [N]
is the acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome 艾滋病
也寫作AIDS，后接單數(shù)動詞
support [N]
1. means practical assistance such as the ‘customer support’ or ‘technical support’ provided for computer software users （實際的）幫助，如為電腦軟件用戶提供的客戶支持、技術(shù)支持
Customer support is included in the price of this PC package.
2. it can also refer to help provided by sympathetic individuals 同情；鼓勵；幫助
She was pleased to have the support of her colleagues when she applied for promotion.
support是不可數(shù)名詞
air-, aero-
air-
is the prefix used in most of the words connected with aviation in BE and AE 大多數(shù)與航空有關(guān)的單詞的前綴
aircraft; airborne
aero-
is the prefix used in a few words connected with aviation 少數(shù)與航空有關(guān)的單詞的前綴
aeroplane; aerospace
aircraft, aeroplane
aircraft [N]
means a powered flying vehicle 飛機；飛行器；航空器（包括飛機與直升機）
在英式英語中與aeroplane是同義詞
在英式英語中，aircraft既是單數(shù)形式也可做復數(shù)形式
One aircraft was landing and six aircraft were on the runway.
而在美式英語中，aircraft是airplane的復數(shù)形式
aeroplane [N]
is the usual BE form for a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings 飛機（英式英語）
簡略形式是plane，美式英語中的表達是airplane
