時(shí)態(tài)

1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行hasbeen的動(dòng)作I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行hasbeen的動(dòng)作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)將來完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生hasbeen的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

　　語態(tài)

　　1) 可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)hasbeen的類型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.

　　能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

　　擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (hasbeen你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)

　　2) 雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)a) 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.b) 賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.