ACT科學(xué)實(shí)際上考察的是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)定位信息的能力。其中數(shù)據(jù)分析題考察對(duì)圖表信息的理解，研究摘要題考察對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?，方法和結(jié)論的定位，觀點(diǎn)沖突題考察對(duì)不同假說(shuō)的區(qū)分。
本文重點(diǎn)講解研究摘要題中實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡奶崛 ?/p>
Qemme：迅速提取實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康挠卸嘀匾?strong>emme？
A：ACT科學(xué)考試通過(guò)在題干引入考生從未接觸過(guò)的專有名詞和相關(guān)研究來(lái)增加考生的心理負(fù)擔(dān)進(jìn)而影響考生提取信息的速度和正確率，因此考生面臨的最大問(wèn)題往往是時(shí)間不夠。而研究摘要題在考卷正中間，如果不能及時(shí)完成，將會(huì)極大影響后面觀點(diǎn)沖突題的發(fā)揮。因此，攻克研究摘要題非常重要。而攻克研究摘要題的首要就是要迅速把握實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>
Q：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康碾y道不是開(kāi)篇最后一句話嗎？
A：市面上大多數(shù)文章都將實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮?jiǎn)單認(rèn)定為開(kāi)篇最后一句話。這種武斷的概括往往導(dǎo)致考生在看到最后一句話沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康臅r(shí)感到無(wú)所適從，進(jìn)而迷失在信息的海洋里。
emme我們認(rèn)為，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡亩ㄎ挥腥N可能：
1．第一段末句
2．第一段首句
3．如果末句和首句都沒(méi)有，那么該實(shí)驗(yàn)就是研究第一段給出的各變量之間的關(guān)系。
下面來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子：
1、末句給出實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>
Passage：
Some of the liquid in a closed container evaporates, forming a vapor that condenses, reforming the liquid. The pressure of the vapor at equilibrium(when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal)is the liquid's vapor pressure. A liquid in an open container boils when its vapor pressure equals the eternal pressure. The following experiments were performed to study vapor pressures.（2005年Form 2MC (EEME)）
解析：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康挠勺詈笠痪浣o出：“to study vapor pressures."
2、首句給出實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>
Passage：
Three studies examined the effects of adding fly ash(fine-grained ash from burning coal)to a sandy soil. In the studies, 4 samples were analyzed: Sample 1 was pure sandy soil, Samples 2 and 3 each had a different amount of fly ash thoroughly mixed with sandy soil, and Sample 4 was pure fly ash. (2011年6月Form 67B (HMHM))
解析：顯然實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖堑谝痪洹癳xamined the effects of adding fly ash (fine-grained ash from burning coal) to a sandy soil."
3、如果末句和首句都沒(méi)有，那么該實(shí)驗(yàn)就是研究第一段給出的各變量之間的關(guān)系。
Passage：
A block is placed on an inclined plane, as shown in Figure 1：
The angle of inclination is increased. The angle at which static friction is overcome and the block starts to slide is , the critical angle for sliding. The amount of static friction to be overcome depends on , the coefficient of static friction.(2010年12月Form 62D (EMME))
解析：根據(jù)我們的思路，如果首句和末句都沒(méi)有給出實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模敲丛搶?shí)驗(yàn)往往是研究第一段中給出的各變量的關(guān)系，我們可以看到，第一段引入emme了變量和，由此，該研究的目的在于研究和的關(guān)系。
再來(lái)看一個(gè)首句和末句都沒(méi)有給出實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡睦樱?/p>
Passage：
Eating chips of lead-based paint is a cause of lead poisoning in children. According to the law, paint is considered lead-based if the lead content exceeds 0.5% by weight. Atomic-absorption spectroscopy(AAS) is used to determine the lead content of paint. Samples containing lead in solution are vaporized in a flame, and light of a single wavelength characteristic of lead is shone through the flame. The absorbance measures the amount of light absorbed by the lead in the flame. The following experiments were done using AAS.(2010年12月Form 62D (EMME))
解析：我們可以看到，首句和末句都沒(méi)有給出實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模鶕?jù)思路，我們要識(shí)別出第一段有哪些變量。我們從“Atomic-absorption spectroscopy(AAS) is used to determine the lead content of paint."以及“The absorbance measures the amount of light absorbed by the lead in the flame,"可以得知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)引入了變量lead content和absorbance（這個(gè)和light absorbed by the lead in the flame等價(jià)），因此其目的是考察lead content和absorbance之間的某種關(guān)系。
以上就是快速提取實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡姆椒ǎ阏莆樟藛?
朱瑩
廣州沃邦國(guó)際教育理科教師。金融碩士，中國(guó)科技大學(xué)應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)士。通過(guò)北美準(zhǔn)精算師ASA五門(mén)考試。對(duì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)提高理科應(yīng)試能力有一定研究。
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